Video 1

Movie S1. Compaction of muscle strip. Time-lapse visualization of fibrin gel compaction during the first 12 h following cell seeding. Seeding conditions included: 138-mJ cm−2 energy dose, 5 × 106 cells ml−1, 4 mg ml−1 fibrinogen, 1 mg ml−1 ACA, and 50 ng ml−1 IGF-1.

Three-dimensionally printed biological machines powered by skeletal muscle

Caroline Cvetkovic, Ritu Raman, Vincent Chan, Brian J. Williams, Madeline Tolish, Piyush Bajaj, Mahmut Selman Sakar, H. Harry Asada, M. Taher A. Saif, and Rashid Bashir

PNAS. 2014. 111:10125-10130 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401577111