Video 3

Movie S3. A volumetric image of a pair of linked vortices (Left), along with the total helicity (Upper Right) and helistogram (Lower Right) as a function of time. The initially linked vortices go through two reconnections to form a pair of unlinked rings, which results in the formation of large-scale helices with approximately the same amount of helicity as the initial linking. The volumetric data were recorded at 169.4 volumes per second, and is played back at 15 frames per second, except near the reconnection events where the playback is slowed to 3 frames per second. In frames for which the vortices could be successfully tracked, they are highlighted in blue and orange (corresponding to the first and second identified vortex loop).

Helicity conservation by flow across scales in reconnecting vortex links and knots

Martin W. Scheeler, Dustin Kleckner, Davide Proment, Gordon L. Kindlmann, and William T. M. Irvine

PNAS. 2014. 111:15350-15355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407232111