Movie S2.

Local bending and coiling occurs simultaneously with retrograde flow. The curved region travels backward, but occasionally the velocity stalls and even reverses (in the reference frame of the optically trapped bead) due to contraction of the actin shaft.

Helical buckling of actin inside filopodia generates traction

Natascha Leijnse, Lene B. Oddershede, and Poul M. Bendix

PNAS. 2014. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411761112