Movie S3.
Directional locomotion of muscle ring-powered bio-bot with asymmetric geometry. Optical stimulation (at 2 Hz) of a muscle ring tethered to a bio-bot with asymmetric geometry leads to directional locomotion in the direction of the longer pillar. Numerical results and speed-frequency response are presented in Fig. 5.
Optogenetic skeletal muscle-powered adaptive biological machines
PNAS. 2016. 113:3497-3502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516139113