Movie S3.

Directional locomotion of muscle ring-powered bio-bot with asymmetric geometry. Optical stimulation (at 2 Hz) of a muscle ring tethered to a bio-bot with asymmetric geometry leads to directional locomotion in the direction of the longer pillar. Numerical results and speed-frequency response are presented in Fig. 5.

Optogenetic skeletal muscle-powered adaptive biological machines

Ritu Raman, Caroline Cvetkovic, Sebastien G. M. Uzel, Randall J. Platt, Parijat Sengupta, Roger D. Kamm, and Rashid Bashir

PNAS. 2016. 113:3497-3502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516139113