Movie S2.

Electrothermal actuation of the spiral coil from Fig. 3 when restrained to one axis. A brass rod in the center of the coil confines actuation so that the coil must actuate vertically, against gravity, when heated.

New twist on artificial muscles

Carter S. Haines, Na Li, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Ali E. Aliev, Jiangtao Di, and Ray H. Baughman

PNAS. 2016. 113:11709-11716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605273113