Movie S6.

Growth of a V. cholerae Δbap1ΔrbmC double-mutant biofilm cluster. Imaging starts 1 h after attachment; total duration is 20 h with 30-min time steps. Cross-sectional images of the bottom cell layer (Left) and images 5 μm above the surface (Right) are shown. Cells immediately grow into the third dimension without attachment to the substrate. Even at the final time point, no cell ordering is observed. The field of view is 51.5 μm × 51.5 μm.