Experimental observations at the moment of cavitation inception. Similar to Movie S3 but here the frame rate is increased and the free surface is visible. As mentioned in Fig. 2 and Fig. S2, the free surface starts to move upward after impact yet before the test tube has rebounded. The free surface motion is a precursor to cavity inception.
Zhao Pan, Akihito Kiyama, Yoshiyuki Tagawa, David J. Daily, Scott L. Thomson, Randy Hurd, and Tadd T. Truscott
PNAS. 2017. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702502114