Movie S2.

Active turning of sperm upstream into the flow (rheotactic movement). Sperm swimming trajectories at various flow rates distributed throughout the diffuser zone allow separation at different positions. Sperm must contend shear flows to travel the distance.

Live births from artificial insemination of microfluidic-sorted bovine spermatozoa characterized by trajectories correlated with fertility

Maria Portia B. Nagata, Kenji Endo, Kazuko Ogata, Kenichi Yamanaka, Junki Egashira, Naoto Katafuchi, Tadayuki Yamanouchi, Hideo Matsuda, Yuki Goto, Miki Sakatani, Takuo Hojo, Hirofumi Nishizono, Kenji Yotsushima, Naoki Takenouchi, Yutaka Hashiyada, and Kenichi Yamashita

PNAS. 2018. 115:E3087-E3096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717974115