Movie S2.

Cotton swab touch treatment of plants grown in soil for biochemical, physiological, morphological and genetic studies. Plants were grown in the soil to mimic the environmental condition. There were three plants grown in one cup. Touch treatment was applied on 12-day-old plants and lasted for around 18-25 days until all plants bolted. Touch was applied for 40 times (1 time/s) with a cotton swab and three plants were touched sequentially. The aerial rosette leaves were touched randomly. Each plant was touched 3 rounds/day with 6 hours interval. Plants were counted for bolting when the primary inflorescence height reached to 1cm tall.