Movie S2.

From left to right: Fluorescently labeled microtubules confined to a 200 μm SU8 well with defects labelled (+12: magenta arrows, −12: blue dots with three prongs), the nematic director used to identify defects and associated order parameter field, flow field and vorticity (vorticity scale Ω = ± 1.1 s−1). Below: time evolution of defect counts and flow order parameter Φ.

Self-organized dynamics and the transition to turbulence of confined active nematics

Achini Opathalage, Michael M. Norton, Michael P. N. Juniper, Blake Langeslay, S. Ali Aghvami, Seth Fraden, and Zvonimir Dogic

PNAS. 2019. 116:4788-4797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816733116