Movie S3.

Real-time images of 5 cycles of heating laser switching on and off stages, with 40 ms heating and 330 ms recovery time in each cycle. The first SPRM and bright-field images are both subtracted in Movie S3 to better display the relative change in the local refractive index.

Measuring the activation energy barrier for the nucleation of single nanosized vapor bubbles

Jing Chen, Kai Zhou, Yongjie Wang, Jia Gao, Tinglian Yuan, Jie Pang, Shu Tang, Hong-Yuan Chen, and Wei Wang

PNAS. 2019. 116:12678-12683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903259116