Movie S1.

This video demonstrates the frost formation of water on an artificially 3D printed leaf over time, referenced in Fig. 1C in the main text. To simulate the veins naturally found on leaves, millimeter sized concave indentations were designed into the model. As shown, frost formation clearly occurs on the flat regions, but is completely inhibited in the concave indentations. The ambient conditions for this experimental visualization were maintained at T = 23.5 ± 0.5 °C and 50% relative humidity. The surface temperature of the leaf was maintained at T = -12± 0.3 °C.