Movie S1.

Propagating waves of Rho-GTP on the surface of an oocyte. Starting from a homogeneous initial state, Rho-GTP spiral waves propagate on membrane and eventually settle into a quasi-steady state (t > 60 min). Frame rate is 20 s. Pixel resolution is 0.568 μm.

Topological braiding and virtual particles on the cell membrane

Jinghui Liu, Jan F. Totz, Pearson W. Miller, Alasdair D. Hastewell, Yu-Chen Chao, Jörn Dunkel, and Nikta Fakhri

PNAS. 2021. 118:None-None DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104191118