Movie S1.

Individual twitching cells cause displacement of fluorescent beads. Beads are in red and green. Cells are a gliding-deficient ΔaglQ strain. Time interval is 30 s; movie plays at three frames per second.

Force generation by groups of migrating bacteria

Benedikt Sabass, Matthias D. Koch, Guannan Liu, Howard A. Stone, and Joshua W. Shaevitz

PNAS. 2017. 114:7266-7271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621469114