Movie S3.

P. spumarius froghopper jumping from epoxy, captured from below with coaxial illumination at 4700 frames s-1 and replayed at 7 frames s-1. Before the jump, only arolium (left) and acutellae (two rows of hairs on the right) are visible in surface contact. At the start of the acceleration, spines on the 2nd tarsal segment start to pierce into the surface and indentations remained visible even after the insect’s takeoff. Scalebar: 200 μm. See also Fig.2C.