Movie S8.

Cross sectional view of buckled hydrogel tube under 4 Hz electrical stimulation with the voltage of 9 V.

Biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle

Zhengwei Li, Yongbeom Seo, Onur Aydin, Mohamed Elhebeary, Roger D. Kamm, Hyunjoon Kong, and M. Taher A. Saif

PNAS. 2019. 116:1543-1548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817682116